Re: [Shadeshi_Bondhu] For getting good children

For getting good children Quality family is required. For making quality family needs quality mom. Only quality mom can build quality family. Only quality mom can make the family as a loving school. Loving family school can teach the children quality education for making them quality people to build the quality nation. For building the corruption free society in Bangladesh for creating good quality & skilled political leaders, good quality  & honest administrators, good quality & lawful judges, good quality & honest educated teachers & quality skilled honest professionals quality moms in Bangladesh are now needed. The government of Bangladesh should needs to pay more attention for creating good quality moms along with doing reformation works in education system for providing quality education nation wide all people,  in doing trialing works against of all corrupted people after proper judicial investigations. in doing to make all administrations fair & neutral for establishing honest good quality administrations for performing the duty perfectly in time. News is heard from BBC & read in news papers that the politicians are going to do fasting (Hunger Strike). It is good news in Bangladesh for (1) the health of politicians & for (2) the hidden hunger people & for (3) the children of Bangladesh The politicians have created food crisis & price hiking by eating more food. Now they are suffering with various diseases due to over eating & they are now needed to go Singapore & Saudia for body checking or for doing ill body treatment & common people in Bangladesh are suffering in hidden hunger due to the shortage & high pricing of food. By doing Hunger Strike political leaders can make their body slim & healthy. Doing Hunger Strike they can help the hidden hunger people in Bangladesh by reducing the crisis of food & the price hiking of food  It needs to remember all that only quality moms can give birth quality people who can build quality nation.

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[Shadeshi_Bondhu] Strengthening the good, avoiding the pitfalls of Community Radio

Strengthening the good, avoiding the pitfalls of Community Radio
The policymakers should make sure that these community radios act as the agents for "desired" change

Experimentation with the community radio is not new in the less developed nations. In many cases, these community radios have been used as a tool to propagate knowledge, a tool to practice democracy and a tool to formulate participatory policy.

However, there are many instances of these community radios, where these channels have brought in the "undesired" kind of change. They have been agents to reinforce the extreme views of the society. In other words, they have been agents of destabilization rather than being the agents of stabilization.

So, it is important that while we proceed with the community radio policy in Bangladesh, a proper balance is stricken so that these newly formulated policies act as something that brings benefits to the millions of people, rather then being an additional problem.

The problem with any new importation of these tools and policy initiative to a country like ours is that - we do not appreciate the full implications of a new policy or a new tool in a fragile society.

Just look at what "free market" philosophy is bringing to the general people in terms of price hikes. This happens when the basic institutions that regulate the markets is not built first. Our policy makers do not appreciate the fact that "free market" is not about "no regulation", rather it is making sure no agents (either in supply or demand side) are being subjected to a specifically disadvantageous regulation. Free market is all about regulation - with the acknowledgment that we actually do not know what policy will be better for a certain future situation. So, the policy makers act to make sure the eventual benefits goes to the public.

Coming back to our today's topic of community radio => we are fearful that if proper checks are not in place, these new innovations may backfire. Just to give two examples:

The local radio talk shows are usually a place where most extreme views of the society comes out - when it is driven by market mechanism. Its common sense that the most curiosity and interest will be generated when controversial topics will be discussed and controversial views are disseminated. Thats how these local radio channels makes a living.

Now this may be OK if there are proper checks and balances in place. If the structure of the law and order, and also the democratic norms are strong within the system, these talk shows can be an effective agents of "desired change". To some extent, these local radio talk shows act as an effective tool in the developed democracies to engage the citizens who would be otherwise dis-engaged from the political process.

This good 'desired' type of effect can be expected in many European countries or in Japan or US or Canada. Still, in the US, these has been often a source of controversy. At the end of the day, these radio stations become tools to stimulate the populace so that the citizens are more engaged. Other strong institutions within the system makes sure that the energy stimulated through these community radio is channeled in the right direction so that overall change that happens is of "desired kind". This is true for developed countries when the community radios are given licenses at a free market basis.

However, what happens with these community radios where the national institutions are not strong enough, the society is not uniform or if the system is fragile. Is there any example?

How about recent happenings in Kenya? Many analysts are concluding that the community radio type local radio stations had acted irresponsibly that eventually given rise to a national crisis.

Off course, it should be recognized that community radios are being used as an effective tool in many less developed communities.

So, we want to make sure that the local communities are benefited from these planned radio stations, but we also want to make sure that the fragile economic and political system have the breathing room so that they are not adversely affected by the pitfalls of these local radio stations.

How do we do that?

We are certainly not experts on this - however, so our proposal should be subjected under scrutiny. But here is a common sense approach to make sure that the social agents are given a breathing space and time to mature - so that right kind of changes happen in the society. It has to be made sure that the extremist and fundamentalist elements do not take stronger root by using these tools.

We should take a step by step approach to for the community radio licenses. Every local community should initially given ONE license for a specified amount of time - say for fifteen years. Why? One may ask whether this suggestion is anti-competitive. Yes, somewhat it is. However, the reason behind this suggestion is not primarily anti-competition. Rather the primary reason is quality.

In the private sector, these local radio stations will have to survive through revenue generation. If every district is given one license for local radio station, it might already be very challenging to make quality programs and still be financially viable. Now if you start competition within the districts, it seems, they are destined to be financially non-viable. Still, there will be many stations since capital from other sources will come to the market place - not to do community radio, but to do something else with their political agenda and to misuse the system.

So, without going into much details, our position is one local station in one locality is a good way to start from financial perspective.

But there is a much more stronger reason for this proposal to have one station in one locality. That is to ensure the stations are viewed as a sources of news and opinions that are balanced. The way it is expected to work is as follows:  since there will only be one local station, the license holder will be encouraged to accommodate all the view points to give equitable share of airtime. Moreover, since there will be market and social forces from every direction, the licensor, who will be looking for a most broad audience, there will be financial incentive for these "one local channel" to be inclusive of all the political viewpoints. Any unbalance is expected to be corrected slowly through market forces. However, if you give more than one local channels, most likely they will align themselves along the political lines where things will start going wrong.

Bottomline: In every aspect, it seems reasonable to have one local channel in one locality. Both financially and socially. So, the policy makers will be urged to give one license to an operator for every district (for example). And this should be done initially for fifteen years to see the results. Or may be, it can be done for seven years, with a provision to review the policies in every seven years.

If you thought some of the ideas are worth of your reading time, please forward it to others. If you have an ear to the columinsts in regular traditional media, please forward it to them. If you have an ear to the journalists and news editors of the electronic media, discuss it with them. Hope they would look at the suggestions and give due diligence. 
 
Thanks for your time,
Innovation Line
 
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Note: This is a freelance column, published mainly in different internet based forums. This column is open for contribution by the members of new generation, sometimes referred to as Gen 71. If you identify yourself as someone from that age-group and want to contribute to this column, please feel free to contact. Thanks to the group moderator for publishing the article.
 
Dear readers, also, if you thought the article was important enough so it should come under attention of the head of the government please forward the message to them. Email address for the Chief Advisor: feeedback@pmo.gov.bd_ or at http://www.cao.gov.bd/feedback/comments.php . The more of you forward it to them, the less will be the need to go back to street agitation. Use ICT to practice democracy. It is already proven that this government responds to the feedback.

Send it to BTRC at btrc@btrc.gov.bd_

Also send to your favourtie TV channel:

Channel i: http://www.channel-i-tv.com/contact.html
ATN Bangla: mtplive@atnbangla.tv_
NTV: info@ntvbd.com_
RTV: info@rtvbd.tv_

BTV: info@btv.gov.bd_

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[Shadeshi_Bondhu] The world's smallest transistor

Dr Leonid Ponomarenko shows off a device with the transistor embedded

Researchers have built the world's smallest transistor - one atom thick and 10 atoms wide - out of a material that could one day replace silicon.

The transistor, essentially an on/off switch, has been made using graphene, a two-dimensional material first discovered only four years ago.

Graphene is a single layer of graphite, which is found in the humble pencil.

The transistor is the key building block of microchips and the basis for almost all electronics.

Dr Kostya Novoselov and Professor Andre Geim from The School of Physics and Astronomy at The University of Manchester have been leading research into the potential application of graphene in electronics and were the first to separate a sheet of the material from graphite

Super material

Graphene has been hailed as a super material because it has many potential applications. It is a flat molecule, with only the thickness of an atom, and both very stable and robust.

The researchers are also looking at its use in display technology - because it is transparent.

The Manchester-based scientists have shown that graphene can be carved into tiny electronic circuits with individual transistors not much larger than a molecule.

Dr Novoselov told BBC News that graphene had many advantages over silicon because it could conduct electricity faster and further.

Silicon will be replaced by graphene Dr Kostya Novoselov

"These transistors will work and work at ambient, room temperature conditions - just what is required for modern electronics," he said.

Dr Novoselov said graphene was a "wonderful conductor", making it a perfect material for chip applications.

"It is already superior to silicon by an order of magnitude and comparable to the best samples of other materials.

"We believe we can increase this mobility of electron flow 10-fold."

Graphene is a hot topic among semiconductor researchers at the moment because it is an excellent conductor of electricity. Unlike silicon graphene transistors perform better the smaller they become.

Leak electricity

The global semiconductor business is currently built on sand; stamping out microchips from large silicon wafers.

Companies like Intel have a roadmap to reduce the size of circuits on the silicon wafer, down to about 10 nanometres - 10,000 times smaller than the width of a single human hair.

Many researchers believe that producing circuits smaller than 10 nanometres in silicon will be too difficult because they start to leak electricity at that size.

That current silicon roadmap is expected to end in 2020, making the race to find alternative materials potentially very lucrative.

Producing graphene sheets big enough to be used as wafers for chip production remained the biggest hurdle, said Dr Novoselov.

"We can control the cut down to 20 nanometres. And then when we have to scale down to one nanometre we use a bit of luck.

"The yield of the working devices is about 50%."

Many researchers around the world are working on creating large wafers of graphene.

In order to produce microchips wafers would need to be several inches across. The biggest wafer produced so far is 100 microns across, just a tenth of a millimetre.

Short and narrow constrictions in graphene can act as high-quality transistors

"I do believe we will find the technology to do this. And when we do silicon will be replaced by graphene," said Dr Novoselov.

Professor Bob Westervelt, in an assessment of the material and its future application in the journal Science, wrote: "Graphene is an exciting new material with unusual properties that are promising for nanoelectronics.

"The future should be very interesting."

Dr Novoselov added: "Given the material was first obtained by us four years ago, we are making good progress."

He said the process of using graphene to build circuits was very compatible with silicon technology.

"At the moment we use all the same steps to make a transistor as is done by the silicon industry. So once we have large wafers of graphene it should be straightforward to use the same process."

But it might be another 10 years before the first integrated circuits on graphene chips appear, he said.

Shorter term

In the shorter term graphene could be used in LCD displays to replace materials used to create transparent conductive coatings.

"The computer screen relies on good transparent conductors. But current materials are expensive and hard to produce.

"Graphene is only one atom thin so is absolutely transparent - it's a really wonderful conductor.

"We propose to use it as a transparent conductor, using small interconnecting graphene sheets all together."

The material is also being touted for use in solar panels, transparent window coatings and also for sensing technologies.

Source:
www.bbc.co.uk

Dr Kostya Novoselov and Professor Andre Geim from The School of Physics and Astronomy at The University of Manchester presented their findings in the 17 April issue of Science.

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[Shadeshi_Bondhu] The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Linux Users

Switching to Linux can be very daunting, most seasoned Linux users experienced that first hand. After all, at some point they were also “noobs†. However, the Linux community has excelled in making the switch for beginners as easy as possible by providing guides, howtos, tweaks, and general advocacy articles. When I first made the switch 3 years ago, I found the community welcoming me with open hands on forums, IRC channels, and E-mail, I was surprised how helpful these penguins were!

For this, I feel obliged to give back to the community that has always been there for me. To pass down the torch to newer Linux generations. Over here I compiled a list of 7 habits that I wish someone told me when I started out. I believe that getting into these habits will make the Linux experience more secure, convenient, educational, and ultimately more enjoyable.

1-Never Login Using ‘root’ GUI

If there was one habit that one should strictly abide by, it’s probably this one. Most of us come from a Windows background, and we have the notion that more power is better, so we login using our administrator accounts. Well let me tell you my friend, that this is a major reason that Windows is plagued with viruses and insecurities, half the world is currently running ‘root’ accounts!

With great power comes great responsibility, and with ‘root’ powers you should be aware of the consequences of EVERYTHING you’re doing, and even then, mistakes happen. I remember my beginnings with SUSE Linux, there were lot of administrative tasks I needed to do but had no idea how to go about them without the GUI, so I so innocently log out and login onto the ‘root‘ GUI. The default wallpaper of the ‘root‘ GUI on SUSE were lit fuse bombs tiled beside each other. Back then, the symbolism totally flew over my head, coming from a Windows background, I wasn’t really doing anything wrong.

But what are the dangers of logging in as root?

1. Well imagine you’re on the trapeze without a safety net, frightening isn’t it? Well that’s effectively what you are doing when you login as root, you can inadvertently hose your whole system
2. You are at the risk of running malware. Any program that is started under root mode will automatically be given root privileges
   
3. If there is a common security hole that hasn’t been patched yet, you could be totally “pwnedâ€
4. It’s common Unix convention, never run anything in root mode unless absolutely necessary. If a non-admin program asks for root access, you should be suspicious

Generally, instead of logging onto your root GUI, use any of the following techniques:

• Use “sudo†or “su†, and kill the session when your done
• If you don’t know how to do it in the command line, use “gksu†or “kdesu†. For example, press alt+f2 and type “gksu nautilus“. Close the app as soon as you finish

2-Properly Name Your Files

In a Linux environment, you can name your files whatever you want except for, 1) the forward slash “/†which is reserved for the root directory, and 2) a null character. Anything else is technically acceptable, however there are some best practices that you should abide by in order to avoid any future complications:

• As a rule of thumb, only use alphanumeric characters, hyphens, periods, and underscores
• Avoid special symbols like dollar signs, brackets, and percentages. These symbols have special meanings to the shell, and could cause conflicts
• Avoid using spaces, handling files with spaces in the terminal is kind of awkward. Replace spaces with either hyphens or underscores

I personally have grown into this habit, I find myself following these guidelines even in a Windows or Mac environment.

3-Place /home on a Different Partition

Doing this gives you extreme flexibility, a kind that you never imagined before. Having /home in a separate partition enables you to reinstall your system or even change your whole distro without losing your data and personal settings. Just keep the “/home†partition intact and reinstall whatever you want on your “/†. Now you can try out distros as much as you want, without worrying about your data and personal settings, they go with you on the go ;).

If you weren’t lucky enough to know this before installing your system, then do not despair! Carthik from Ubuntu Blog takes you in a step-by-step guide titled “Move /home to it’s own partition“

4-Proper Crash Management

Linux is very robust and stable, however every system can come down to it’s knees every once in a while. Before you head to CTRL-ALT-DEL, the restart button, or the plug, you should know how to properly handle any crash. As opposed to another un-named operating system, you should be able to easily recover your system without actually restarting! I personally go through different levels, if one doesn’t work I elevate it to next step:

1. I have the “force quit†applet on my taskbar, if any app starts to act up just click on the “force quit†icon and then kill the app
2. If that doesn’t work, draw up a terminal and type “ps -A†, and take note of the Process ID (PID) of the culprit app, then kill it. “kill PIDâ€
3. Use the “killall†command, for example, “killall firefox-binâ€
4. If your whole GUI is frozen, and drawing up a terminal is impossible, then press CTRL-ALT-F1, this will take you to another terminal, and virtually a whole new session. From there kill the culprit app using step 2 and 3.
5. If that doesn’t work, you might want to restart your GUI using the CTRL-ALT-Backspace combo. Beware, that this will kill all your GUI apps currently running
   
6. Invoke CTRL-ALT-F1 and do CTRL+ALT+DEL from here. This will not instantly reset your system, merely perform a standard reboot, it’s safe. (Assuming you want to restart and CTLR-ALT-F1 works)
   
7. Finally if nothing works, don’t rush to the hard reset button, try to Raise a Skinny Elephant

5-Play The Field

You were probably recruited to your current distro by a friend, it suited you, and stuck with it. That’s great, but there is probably something better for you out there. Why not harness the flexibility and richness of Linux and Open Source? Don’t be afraid to experiment around with different distros, apps, window managers, and desktops. Experiment until you find the best fit. Think of it this way, if you are currently living in the best place on earth for you, traveling around the world wouldn’t really harm right? In fact you might find a better place to live in, but if you didn’t, the time you spent traveling would not have gone to waste, you would have learned a lot about other countries, other people and traditions, different ways of thinking, and ultimately had fun!

Every new thing you try out will contribute to your incremental learning, in a year’s time you will have a good grasp on Linux and the Open Source world. I personally tried out at least 10 distros, 4 desktops, and 5 window managers. My recent article Etymology of A Distro got me interested in a couple more distros such as Zenwalk, Foresight, and Sabayon. Play the field, my friend, it will do you good.

But before you proceed, pay heed to these few hints:

• Set up your perfect system that you feel comfortable with, you need a workable system 24/7 right? Then test around using one of the below points
  
• Harness the power of virtualization! Install Vmware or Virtualbox. Use them to test out the distros
• Alternatively, if you are not big on virtualization, you can set up a separate partition to test new distros. A partition that you couldn’t care less about
• Ultimately, you can have a main PC and a test one. Wreak havoc on the test one

6-Nurture Your CLI Adoption

Now I am not going to advocate learning the command line, there are numerous articles that emphasise on it’s importance. What I am assuming here is that you already know it’s importance, and have a rudimentary understanding on how to do some simple administrative tasks. You are already hacking away, tweaking and configuring, following the different guides and howtos scattered all over the tubes, but don’t just copy and paste!! Meaning, instead of just headlessly executing commands some random guy half way across the world told you to execute, try to understand what every command does. Why did the guide ask you to do this, as opposed to something else? Understand the rationale of the steps you are asked to do. These commands are highly relevant to you, and will help you gain a better understanding than any 101 guide.

After a while you will notice that you have amassed a good deal of CLI lore.

At the end of the day it’s just a pseudo-language! Every command is probably just an acronym of something, or a cut down version of a real word. You expect your dog to understand “Spike fetch ball†so why don’t you expect to understand “sudo mv /file1 /file2″?

7-Always Be Ready to Unleash The Power Within

Personally, I had numerous occasions when a friend asked me to do something on his/her computer, but found myself crippled because of his/her choice of OS. At other times I wanted to do something urgently but the only computer had another crippled OS. Spare yourself the agony, have Linux with you all the time, whether it’s on a USB pendrive, a live CD, or even a live CD business card ! There are dozens of good Linuces out there that are perfect for on-the-go computing. Knoppix, DSL, and Puppy Linux are just a few examples.

I personally don’t apply this habit, which is a shame, I really need to get my act together!


Source:
we_frndz

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